Some newer electricity meters are solid state and display the power used on an LCD, while newer electronic meters can be read automatically. In physics, the solid state is one of the three phases of matter (solid, liquid, and gas). ... LCD redirects here. ...
In addition to measuring electricity used, solid state meters can also record other parameters of the load and supply such as maximum demand, power factor and reactive power used etc. They can also include electronic clock mechanisms to compute a value, rather than an amount, of electricity consumed, with the pricing varying of by the time of day, day of week, and seasonally.
Technology
Most solid-state meters use a current transformer to measure the current. This means that the main current-carrying conductors need not pass through the meter itself and so the meter can be located remotely from the main current-carrying conductors, which is a particular advantage in large-power installations. It is also possible to use remote current transformers with electromechanical meters though this is less common. Image File history File linksMetadata Download high resolution version (808x960, 155 KB) Summary Solid state electricity meter in a home in Holland. ... Image File history File linksMetadata Download high resolution version (808x960, 155 KB) Summary Solid state electricity meter in a home in Holland. ... A CT for operation on a 110 kV grid A current transformer (CT) is a type of instrument transformer designed to provide a current in its secondary winding proportional to the current flowing in its primary. ...
Historically, rotating meters could report their power information remotely, using a pair of contact closures attached to a KYZ line. In this scheme, line "K" is attached to two single-pole single-throw switches "Y" and "Z". "Y" and "Z" open and close as the meter's disk rotates. As the meter rotates in one direction, Y closes, then Z closes, then Y opens, then Z opens. When it rotates in the opposite direction, showing export of power, the sequence reverses. KYZ outputs were historically attached to "totalizer relays" feeding a "totalizer" so that many meters could be read all at once in one place.
KYZ outputs are also the normal historical way of attaching electric meters to programmable logic controllers, HVACs or other control systems. Some modern meters also supply interfaces to PLCs, or a contact closure that warns when the meter detects a demand near a higher tariff. PLC & input/output arrangements A programmable logic controller (PLC), or programmable controller is a digital computer used for automation of industrial processes, such as control of machinery on factory assembly lines. ... This article does not cite any references or sources. ... PLC may stand for: Palestinian Legislative Council, law-making body of the Palestinian Authority Parti Libéral du Canada, the term in French for the Liberal Party of Canada Partido Liberal Constitucionalista (or Constitutional Liberal Party), a major political party in Nicaragua Phospholipase C Platoon Leaders Class Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth...
Communication technologies
High end electronic meters may now be equipped with a range of communication technologies including Low Power Radio, GSM, GPRS, Bluetooth, IrDA apart from the now conventional RS-232 and RS-485 wired link. They now store the entire usage profiles with time stamps and relay them at a click of a button. The demand readings stored with the profiles accurately indicate the load requirements of the customer. This load profile data is processed at the utilities and renders itself to a variety of representations, all sorts of graphs, reports et el. Remote meter reading is an application of telemetry. Often, meters designed for semi-automated reading have a serial port on that communicates by infrared LED through the faceplate of the meter. In some apartment buildings, a similar protocol is used, but in a wired bus using a serial current loop to connect all the meters to a single plug. The plug is often near the mailboxes. For other uses, see GSM (disambiguation). ... General Packet Radio Service (GPRS) is a mobile data service available to users of GSM mobile phones. ... Bluetooth logo This article is about the electronic protocol named after Harald Bluetooth Gormson. ... The initials IRDA can refer to various things: In Information Technology and Communications, IrDA refers to Infrared Data Association, a standard for communication between devices (such as computers, PDAs and mobile phones) over short distances using infrared signals. ... RS-232 (also referred to as EIA RS-232C or V.24) is a standard for serial binary data interchange between a DTE (Data terminal equipment) and a DCE (Data communication equipment). ... EIA-485 (formerly RS-485 or RS485) is an electrical specification of a two-wire, half-duplex, multipoint serial connection. ... In electronics, a load profile is a graph of the changes in the electrical load on an electrical device versus time. ... Telemetry is a technology that allows the remote measurement and reporting of information of interest to the system designer or operator. ... A male DE-9 connector used for a serial port on a PC style computer. ... For other uses, see Infrared (disambiguation). ... A male DE-9 connector used for a serial port on a PC style computer. ... A current loop describes two different electrical signalling schemes. ...
In the European Union, the most common infrared and protocol is "FLAG", a simplified subset of mode C of IEC 61107. In the U.S. and Canada, the favoured infrared protocol is ANSI C12.18. Some industrial meters use a protocol for programmable logic controllers. The most modern protocol proposed for this purpose is DLM/COSEM which can operate over any medium, including serial ports. The data can be transmitted by Zigbee, WiFi, telephone lines or over the power lines themselves. Some meters can be read over the internet. IEC 61107, formerly called IEC 1107 or FLAG is an international standard document that describes a widely-used computer protocol used to read utility metres in the European Union. ... PLC & input/output arrangements A programmable logic controller (PLC), or programmable controller is a digital computer used for automation of industrial processes, such as control of machinery on factory assembly lines. ... IEC 62056, also called DLM/COSEM is an internatinoal standard document that describes a computer protocol used to read utility metres in the European Union. ... The introduction to this article provides insufficient context for those unfamiliar with the subject matter. ... Wi-Fi (or Wi-fi, WiFi, Wifi, wifi), short for Wireless Fidelity, is a set of standards for wireless local area networks (WLAN) currently based on the IEEE 802. ... A telephone line (or just line) is a single-user circuit on a telephone communications system. ... For other uses, see Power band. ...
Automatic reading
AMR (Automatic Meter Reading) and RMR (Remote Meter Reading) describe various systems that allow meters to be checked by without the need to send a meter reader out. This can be effectively achieved using off-site metering, that is an electronic meter is placed at the junction point where all the connections originate, inaccessible to the end-user, and it relays the readings via the AMR technology to the utility.
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